Abstract

Population ageing has emerged as one of the most significant demographic transformations of the twenty-first century reshaping economic structures social institutions and public policy priorities across the globe. In India this transition is unfolding at a historically unprecedented scale and speed. Improvements in healthcare declining fertility rates rising life expectancy and socio-economic development have collectively contributed to a steady increase in the proportion of older persons in the total population. While population ageing is often considered a sign of developmental progress it simultaneously poses profound challenges for social security systems especially in developing countries where formal social protection mechanisms remain limited and a large share of the workforce is engaged in informal employment. This research paper examines the relationship between the ageing population and social security in India focusing on the adequacy accessibility and sustainability of exis