Abstract

India is currently navigating a transformative demographic transition characterized by increasing life expectancy and declining fertility rates resulting in a rising elderly population. Traditionally families assumed the primary role in caring for older adults. However modernization urbanization and shifting family structures are reshaping this landscape. This paper examines how demographic changes have altered the dynamics of elderly care in India. It analyses the interplay of social economic and cultural forces influencing elder care including intergenerational relationships healthcare infrastructure pension systems gendered care roles and policy developments. Through a synthesis of demographic data qualitative studies and policy evaluations the paper argues that while the emerging pluralism in elderly care offers new possibilities it also presents challenges in terms of equity accessibility and social dignity. The study concludes by proposing more inclusive mixed-model strategies th