Abstract

Climate change has emerged as one of the most significant and persistent threats to long-term sustainability affecting natural ecosystems human societies and global economic systems. Its far-reaching impacts penetrate every sphere of development from agriculture water resources and biodiversity to public health infrastructure and national security. As global temperatures rise extreme weather events increase sea levels escalate and natural resources become increasingly stressed. These profound environmental disturbances jeopardize the ability of present and future generations to meet their needs undermining the very foundation of sustainability. This research paper explores climate change as a major obstacle to long-term sustainability by analyzing its scientific basis historical evolution environmental implications socio-economic impacts and global policy responses. It examines how climate change disrupts ecological balance intensifies resource scarcity destabilizes economic growth and