Abstract

This paper examines the unique democratic innovations implemented in Bhutan a small Himalayan kingdom that transitioned from absolute monarchy to a democratic constitutional monarchy in 2008. Bhutan’s approach to democracy is characterized by its emphasis on Gross National Happiness (GNH) a holistic development philosophy that prioritizes the well-being of its citizens over economic growth. The study explores how Bhutans democratic transition was carefully designed to maintain stability cultural preservation and public participation balancing modern democratic principles with traditional values. Key innovations include the establishment of a two-party political system the integration of local governance structures with democratic practices and the active promotion of civic education to foster an informed and engaged electorate. The role of the monarchy in guiding this transition while ensuring that democratic institutions are respected and effective is also analyzed. The paper highligh