Abstract

Democracy historically understood as a system of governance rooted in popular sovereignty representation accountability and the rule of law has undergone profound structural functional and normative transformations in the era of globalization. The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have witnessed the intensification of global interconnectedness through economic liberalization technological advancement transnational institutions migration flows digital communication networks and global governance regimes all of which have significantly altered the traditional architecture of democratic systems. While globalization has expanded opportunities for political participation information access human rights advocacy and cross-border civil society engagement it has simultaneously generated new tensions related to state sovereignty policy autonomy economic inequality populist nationalism digital manipulation and democratic backsliding. This research paper examines the changing nature