Abstract

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing developmental challenges of the twenty-first century deeply influencing global economies ecosystems and human well-being. India as a rapidly growing economy with a large population and extensive ecological diversity remains uniquely vulnerable to climate variability while also striving for high-growth developmental objectives. The intersecting pressures of industrialization urbanization agricultural dependence and energy demand place India at a pivotal point where economic progress must align with environmental sustainability. This paper critically examines how India has designed and implemented economic policies aimed at balancing growth with ecological responsibility. It explores the evolution of climate-related policies institutional frameworks national missions renewable energy policies and disaster management strategies that support sustainable development pathways. The analysis demonstrates that India’s policy approach reflec