Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital technologies in the twenty-first century has fundamentally transformed the way individuals interact communicate access information and participate in economic and social life. However despite the widespread diffusion of digital tools and internet connectivity significant disparities persist in access to and use of these technologies across different sections of society. This phenomenon commonly referred to as the digital divide represents not merely a technological gap but a broader socio-economic and cultural inequality that shapes opportunities and outcomes in contemporary societies. The digital divide manifests itself at multiple levels including disparities in physical access to digital infrastructure differences in digital literacy and skills and variations in the capacity to effectively utilize digital resources for meaningful participation in social economic and political life. As societies become increasingly digitized these disparities contribute