Abstract

Poverty remains a persistent challenge in India despite various government interventions aimed at alleviation. Over the years numerous schemes have been implemented to address multidimensional poverty through economic empowerment social security and livelihood opportunities. This paper critically examines the effectiveness of India’s poverty alleviation programs analyzing their impact achievements and shortcomings. The study also explores the role of governance policy implementation and structural challenges that affect their efficiency. Finally recommendations are provided to enhance the success of these initiatives in achieving long-term poverty reduction. India has implemented several flagship schemes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) the Public Distribution System (PDS) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) among others aimed at improving socio-economic conditions. While these initiatives have contrib