Abstract

Food security and sustainable agriculture emerged as central concerns for India between 2018 and 2025 as the country faced the dual challenge of feeding a growing population while preserving natural resources. Climate change erratic rainfall soil degradation and rising input costs placed immense pressure on agricultural systems. At the same time government policies technological innovations and community participation sought to create pathways toward sustainable food production and equitable access. This paper explores the evolution of food security policies and sustainable agricultural practices during this period analyzing government schemes such as the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) and the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). It also highlights the role of organic farming precision agriculture crop diversification and community-based food systems in strengthening resilience. The paper argues that while signif