Abstract

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) encompass the cumulative collective and evolving knowledge of indigenous peoples developed through centuries of interaction with their environments. These systems are holistic adaptive and deeply rooted in cultural values and ecological balance offering critical insights for achieving sustainable development. This paper explores the foundational principles of IKS and their relevance in addressing contemporary environmental social and economic challenges. It highlights the contributions of indigenous communities to biodiversity conservation sustainable agriculture climate resilience and resource management while also examining the tensions between traditional knowledge and dominant development paradigms. Through a critical analysis of policy and practice the paper argues for the meaningful integration of IKS into sustainable development strategies rooted in respect for cultural autonomy and epistemological plurality.