Abstract

This article analyses the notions of justice and social equality via a comparative study of B.R. Ambedkars vision and ancient Indian philosophy. Influenced by his personal experiences and intellectual interactions with Western and Indian ideas Ambedkars perspective condemns the caste system as a retrogressive social structure. His conception of justice as represented by the Indian Constitution underscores the need for legislative and institutional changes to guarantee social fairness and safeguard marginalized people. Conversely ancient Indian philosophy as seen in books such as the Vedas Upanishads and Smritis presents a multifaceted interpretation of justice (dharma) and societal harmony. Although these ancient scriptures promote universal principles of equity and interdependence their interpretations—particularly concerning the varna system—have faced criticism for sustaining inequity. This research emphasizes the similarities and differences between these paradigms demonstrating A