Abstract

Internal migration has become one of the most significant demographic phenomena shaping contemporary urban societies particularly in developing countries where rapid urbanization and technological modernization are transforming cities into smart urban centers. Smart cities are envisioned as inclusive sustainable and technologically advanced spaces that enhance the quality of life for residents. However the experiences of internal migrants within these urban environments often reveal complex challenges related to identity formation social integration and the sense of belonging. Migrants frequently encounter cultural adaptation issues social exclusion employment insecurity housing difficulties and limited participation in urban governance. At the same time smart city initiatives provide opportunities for improved access to services digital connectivity and economic mobility. This study examines how internal migrants negotiate identity establish social connections and develop a sense of b