Abstract

This research paper provides an interpretive analysis of the complex interplay between nationalism identity and citizenship in modern India. It traces the historical evolution of Indian nationalism from its anti-colonial roots to its contemporary manifestations exploring how diverse religious linguistic caste and regional identities have shaped and been shaped by the national project. The paper examines the constitutional framework of Indian citizenship founded on secular and democratic principles and critically analyzes the challenges posed by various interpretations of national identity including the rise of Hindu nationalism (Hindutva). It discusses how debates over who constitutes a true Indian citizen particularly concerning minority groups reflect fundamental tensions within the nation-building process. Ultimately this analysis seeks to understand the ongoing negotiation of a pluralistic yet unified Indian identity amidst evolving political social and cultural dynamics.