Abstract

Agriculture remains the foundational pillar of global food security and rural livelihoods yet it is increasingly challenged by widespread contamination of soils with toxic heavy metals. Industrialization mining excessive agrochemical use urban waste disposal and irrigation with contaminated water have collectively contributed to the accumulation of toxic metals such as lead cadmium arsenic chromium nickel and mercury in agricultural soils. These contaminants pose severe risks to soil fertility crop productivity ecological health and human well-being. Chemistry plays a crucial role in understanding detecting and mitigating the effects of toxic metal contamination in soils. Through advancements in analytical chemistry soil chemistry environmental chemistry and green chemical technologies researchers have developed a variety of techniques for identifying pollution sources assessing contamination levels and designing remediation strategies that restore soil health. This research paper prov