Abstract

The philosophical bases of Indian knowledge systems are deeply rooted in ancient texts like the Vedas Upanishads and classical Indian literature. These texts offer profound insights into metaphysical epistemological and ethical dimensions of existence. Vedic Philosophy emphasizes the unity of the cosmos the interconnectedness of all beings and the pursuit of knowledge (Jnana) as a path to understanding the ultimate reality or Brahman. The rituals and hymns in the Vedas are seen not just as religious practices but as symbolic expressions of universal truths. Upanishadic Thought builds on Vedic concepts focusing on the inner experience and the quest for self-realization (Atman). The Upanishads advocate for introspection and meditation as means to transcend worldly illusions (Maya) and achieve a direct understanding of the selfs unity with the ultimate reality (Brahman). Classical Indian Texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and various philosophical schools (like Vedanta Samkhya and Yoga) offe