Abstract

This research paper offers an interpretive analysis of political philosophy in ancient India exploring the diverse and sophisticated theories of statecraft governance justice and societal organization that emerged from various intellectual traditions. Moving beyond a singular focus on Western political thought this paper delves into key texts such as the Arthashastra Dharmashastras and portions of epic literature like the Mahabharata identifying recurrent themes and unique contributions. It examines concepts such as dharma (righteous conduct) artha (material well-being and statecraft) danda (coercion and justice) and the ideals of kingship discerning their philosophical underpinnings and practical implications for ancient Indian polities. The analysis highlights the interplay between moral philosophy religious injunctions and pragmatic governance demonstrating a rich tradition of political thought often overlooked in global comparative studies.