Abstract

The partition of India in 1947 was one of the most significant historical events of the 20th century leading to the creation of two independent nations India and Pakistan. This event was accompanied by widespread violence massive population displacement and socio-economic upheavals that reshaped the trajectories of both countries. This paper examines the socio-economic changes in India and Pakistan in the aftermath of partition analyzing the short-term and long-term impacts on economic structures demographic transitions and policy developments. The partition resulted in the forced migration of millions leading to demographic shifts that affected urbanization patterns labor markets and economic productivity. In India the influx of refugees necessitated large-scale rehabilitation programs influencing urban planning and economic strategies. Pakistan on the other hand faced the challenge of establishing a new economic framework with limited infrastructure and resources. Both nations implem