Abstract

Raja Ram Mohan Roy stands as one of the greatest architects of modern Indian consciousness whose intellectual contributions laid the earliest foundations for social reform rational inquiry human dignity and modernity in India. His philosophical ideas emerged at a time when India was entangled in structural inequalities rigid traditionalism and the oppressive context of colonial power. Roy’s intellectual legacy represents a powerful synthesis of Eastern spiritual thought Western Enlightenment rationalism and an unyielding commitment to humanistic values. This paper critically examines the reformist and modernist dimensions of Roy’s thought exploring how his engagement with religion education law women’s rights freedom of the press and rational critique of orthodox practices shaped the sociocultural transformation of India. Roy envisioned a society in which reason morality equality and individual freedom functioned together to uplift humanity. His reform movement was not merely correctiv