Abstract

The relationship between religion and politics in India is profoundly complex shaped by a millennia-old history of religious diversity colonial legacy and the unique evolution of its constitutional secularism. This paper offers an analytical study of Indian secularism examining its theoretical underpinnings its practical implementation and the challenges it faces in contemporary political discourse. It delves into the distinct characteristics of Indian secularism contrasting it with Western models and highlighting its emphasis on principled distance and equal respect for all religions rather than strict separation. The analysis explores how historical events such as the partition of India and the rise of identity politics have continuously tested and reshaped the meaning and application of secular principles. Furthermore it investigates the role of political parties legal interventions and social movements in both upholding and challenging secular values. By dissecting the multifaceted