Abstract

Renewable energy technologies (solar wind hydro biomass geothermal) are central to global strategies for mitigating climate change. They enable decarbonization of electricity reduce greenhouse gas emissions enhance energy security and promote sustainable development. India with ambitious targets under its National Solar Mission and renewable energy roadmap has emerged as a leader among emerging economies. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy technologies their global and Indian adoption trends policy frameworks and their contribution to combating climate change. Case studies from Germany the United States China and India illustrate diverse strategies and outcomes. Findings suggest that renewable energy is not only critical to meeting the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but also to ensuring resilience inclusivity and long-term sustainability.