Abstract

Social justice and equality have long been regarded as foundational principles for building fair inclusive and democratic societies. In a rapidly changing world marked by globalization technological advancement migration climate change and widening socio-economic disparities the meaning and practice of social justice and equality are being constantly redefined. While legal frameworks and international conventions emphasize equal rights and opportunities for all persistent inequalities based on class gender race caste ethnicity disability and geography continue to challenge the realization of social justice. This research paper explores the conceptual foundations of social justice and equality examines their relevance in the contemporary global context and analyzes the structural and institutional factors that perpetuate inequality. The study also discusses emerging challenges such as digital inequality climate injustice and global economic restructuring while highlighting opportunities