Abstract

The emergence of digital communication technologies has significantly transformed the nature of collective action across societies. Social media activism has become a powerful instrument for raising awareness mobilizing communities and influencing public discourse on social political environmental and cultural issues. Platforms such as Facebook Twitter Instagram and YouTube have enabled individuals and groups to participate in campaigns without geographical limitations. At the same time traditional ground activism continues to play a vital role in achieving tangible social and political change through protests demonstrations community engagement and direct action. This research paper examines the evolving relationship between social media activism and ground activism highlighting their characteristics strengths limitations and interconnected roles in contemporary social movements. The study explores how digital platforms have altered participation patterns leadership structures and mob