Abstract

Sustainable development in India has become a critical area of research due to the country’s rapid economic growth rising population and increasing pressure on natural ecosystems. Balancing economic development with environmental protection represents one of India’s most significant challenges in the twenty-first century. This paper explores the complex relationship between sustainable development and environmental management in India highlighting key themes such as ecological conservation climate change mitigation renewable energy adoption pollution control and responsible resource utilisation. It evaluates existing policies institutional frameworks and national missions that guide India’s approach to sustainability including the National Action Plan on Climate Change Swachh Bharat Mission and renewable energy initiatives such as the National Solar Mission. The study examines the environmental consequences of industrialisation urban expansion agricultural intensification and consumpti