Abstract

The representation of women in Hindi cinema has undergone profound transformation over the last century reflecting larger socio-cultural changes in Indian society. From the early portrayals of mythological goddesses and self-sacrificing wives to the emergence of empowered professionals independent thinkers and socially aware protagonists the portrayal of female characters has shifted alongside evolving ideas of gender modernity and national identity. This research paper explores the dynamic evolution of female personas in Hindi films tracing how changing social norms feminist movements economic liberalization political shifts and technological advancements have shaped women’s roles on-screen. It examines the interplay between cinema and society emphasizing how Hindi films both mirror and influence cultural perceptions of femininity sexuality morality and empowerment. Drawing from film studies feminist theory cultural sociology and media analysis the paper analyzes key cinematic phases—