Abstract

The unorganized sector in India constitutes one of the largest segments of the workforce employing a significant population engaged in informal daily wage contractual and insecure forms of labour. The sector plays a vital role in supporting India’s economic growth yet the workers remain outside formal social security systems and labour protections. This research paper examines the prevailing conditions and rights of unorganized sector workers analysing structural vulnerabilities socioeconomic constraints gaps in legislation and the degree to which enacted policies translate into real-world implementation. Through a qualitative and analytical study the paper assesses the legal framework surrounding the Unorganized Workers’ Social Security Act various welfare board mechanisms state schemes migrant workers’ laws and judicial interpretations. It further investigates the lived experiences of workers in agriculture construction domestic work street vending gig platforms and small-scale manuf