Abstract

Botswana a semi-arid country in Southern Africa has faced recurrent droughts that have profoundly impacted its society and economy. This study examines the multifaceted effects of droughts in Botswana focusing on agriculture water resources health and economic stability. The findings highlight how droughts exacerbate water scarcity leading to reduced agricultural productivity food insecurity and increased poverty levels. Additionally the economy which is heavily reliant on livestock and subsistence farming suffers significant losses with ripple effects across sectors such as tourism and trade. The study also explores the social consequences including migration changes in community dynamics and increased vulnerability among marginalized populations. Through a combination of data analysis and case studies the paper provides insights into the adaptive strategies employed by communities and the role of government policies in mitigating drought impacts. The results underscore the need for s