Abstract

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar remains one of the most influential complex and controversial figures in modern Indian political and intellectual history. His contributions to nationalist thought his articulation of Hindutva as a cultural identity and his role in shaping early debates on national security and social reform have left an enduring impact on Indian political discourse. Yet Savarkar’s legacy is also marked by profound disagreements internal contradictions and contested interpretations. The tensions within his ideas—ranging from his rationalist critique of religion to his cultural emphasis on Hindu identity from his opposition to caste discrimination to his insistence on cultural unity and from his revolutionary activism to his later political pragmatism—have produced multiple layers of debate among scholars political groups and the public. This research paper examines the disagreements and inconsistencies within Savarkar’s intellectual legacy analyzing how his thought evolved over