Abstract

Secularism in India is a framework designed to ensure equal respect and treatment for all religions aiming to maintain a balance in a society marked by profound religious and cultural diversity. Unlike the Western model of secularism which often advocates for a strict separation between religion and state Indian secularism is characterized by a more interventionist approach where the state acknowledges and accommodates religious identities and practices. This model seeks to uphold the principles of pluralism and inclusivity ensuring that the state does not favor or discriminate against any religion but instead provides equal opportunities and protection to all religious communities. In the context of India’s multiculturalism secularism functions as a dynamic and adaptive principle that negotiates the tensions between different religious and cultural groups. It involves a pragmatic approach where the state engages with religious institutions and communities to address their needs and co