Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies of the twenty-first century reshaping governance economic systems public administration security frameworks and democratic institutions across the world. As AI applications increasingly influence decision-making processes concerns regarding transparency accountability privacy bias and democratic oversight have become central to public policy debates. Governments are attempting to develop regulatory frameworks that encourage technological innovation while simultaneously safeguarding fundamental rights and democratic values. Different democratic nations have adopted distinct approaches to AI regulation based on their political traditions institutional capacities and socio-economic priorities. While some countries emphasize innovation-friendly governance others prioritize ethical oversight and human rights protections. This study examines the politics surrounding AI regulation through a comparative ana