Abstract

The rise of digital platforms such as Ola Uber Zomato and Swiggy has transformed urban labour markets in India. Between 2019 and 2022 millions of workers entered the gig economy attracted by flexible work opportunities. However the pandemic revealed the precarity of such employment marked by low wages lack of social security and absence of formal recognition as employees. This paper explores the dynamics of gig work in India analyzing its promises and pitfalls. It argues that while gig platforms provide income opportunities for many they also institutionalize insecurity and exploitation unless robust regulations and protections are implemented.