Abstract

The Indian diaspora one of the largest and most influential in the world has played a critical role in global knowledge exchange. Between 2018 and 2025 the significance of diaspora networks increased as India’s skilled professionals academics entrepreneurs and innovators contributed to knowledge economies across the globe. The Indian diaspora not only enhanced India’s image abroad but also facilitated the transfer of ideas technologies and practices back to India. This period saw Indian-origin scientists and researchers contributing to global challenges such as healthcare innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic digital entrepreneurship and artificial intelligence development. Similarly diaspora-led collaborations in higher education research and corporate leadership contributed to bilateral relations and cross-cultural partnerships. However structural challenges such as brain drain lack of systemic policies to engage diaspora effectively and unequal access to opportunities limited the