Abstract

The emergence of autonomous mobility has initiated one of the most significant technological transformations in public transportation systems across the world. Autonomous vehicles—ranging from self-driving buses AI-managed metros automated shuttles last-mile delivery bots and sensor-based traffic management systems—are redefining how mobility infrastructure is designed governed and experienced. This research paper examines the technological economic social regulatory and infrastructural impacts of integrating autonomous mobility into public transport. It analyses how artificial intelligence sensor fusion digital mapping machine learning GPS-enabled automation vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication and smart-city ecosystems are reshaping mobility efficiency safety sustainability and access. The study further explores how autonomous systems influence human mobility behaviour urban planning environmental footprint workforce displacement regulatory frameworks cyber-security vulnerab