Abstract

Unpredictable rainfall has emerged as one of the most visible and damaging consequences of global warming in recent decades. As atmospheric temperatures rise climatic systems undergo significant alterations disrupting rainfall patterns across continents. This paper examines the phenomenon of increasingly erratic rainfall and its direct connection to global warming with a specific focus on the socio-economic agricultural ecological and infrastructural consequences. The study synthesises insights from climate science hydrological modelling environmental policy and international climate assessments to analyse the mechanisms behind rainfall variability such as altered monsoon behaviour shifts in evaporation rates atmospheric circulation changes and ocean–atmosphere interactions. The paper highlights how unpredictable rainfall results in more frequent floods extended droughts declining crop yields soil degradation and disruptions in water supply systems. It also evaluates global mitigation