Abstract

Women empowerment and gender equality have emerged as central themes in global development discourse human rights advocacy and public policy formulation. Despite significant progress in education health political participation and economic inclusion gender-based disparities continue to persist across societies particularly in developing countries. Women empowerment refers to the process through which women gain the ability agency and resources to make strategic life choices while gender equality emphasizes equal rights responsibilities and opportunities for all genders. This research paper explores the conceptual foundations of women empowerment and gender equality examines their historical evolution and analyzes the socio-economic political and cultural dimensions that shape women’s status in society. The study further evaluates global and national initiatives including policy frameworks and institutional mechanisms that aim to promote gender justice. Using a qualitative and analytica